Trenchless Technologies

Sustainable development of the Russian economy in recent years and a difficult situation with the transit of energy resources through the former Soviet Union, causing high rates of construction of underground utilities, such as oil and gas pipelines, water pipelines, high voltage cables and other cables for the transmission of information. A related site: rusty holzer mentions similar findings. Moreover, Russia remains a country with virtually the world’s longest length of underground utilities. And most of these networks need to be repaired or replaced. Serious investments in the Russian construction sector has now been let to involve construction and renovation of underground utilities most modern techniques and use quality materials. Yale University will undoubtedly add to your understanding. In the last decade in Russia during the construction of underground utilities are increasingly used technique for trenchless laying of the world’s leading manufacturers. Relevance of this technique is due to the enormous challenges when laying of utilities is a challenging geographical, geological, climatic conditions, when the route Strip crossing railways and roads, rivers, swamps, lakes, conservation areas, where operating in an open way is simply forbidden. And if today is to work not using trenchless technology, and open a large Russian cities, taking into account the fact that in any normal day, traffic jams have become commonplace, the consequences of digging trenches on any more or less important streets in Moscow or St. Petersburg you can actually compare the effects of stroke for the human body..

Russia Admission

Seems more reasonable model of admission to the sro in the building, according to which a positive decision on the admission of persons to membership in the sro in the construction and issuing him a certificate of admission will become effective at the time of adoption such a decision, and since the payment of an entrance fee and contribution to the compensation fund sro. In the register of members of SROs all taken against members of the SROs in the construction of solutions should reflect not on the day of their adoption, and on the day the entry into force of such decisions. In this case, will be adequately protected the interests and the candidate, and other members of SROs. The candidate will make money only when convinced that gain access to all types of work, had counted on, and in case of refusal to issue a cpo for admission to any of the types of work can refuse membership in the sro in the building and go to another. At the same time, equal with the other members of the right candidate acquire only after full payment of entry fee and contribution to the compensation fund.

It remains to say that the mechanism for the entry decisions of SROs in the construction of a force after a certain interval time used by the legislator with regard to decisions on the approval and changing of key documents self-regulatory organization (Part 13 of article. 55.5 gdc Russia). In September 2009 the State Duma bill was introduced N 252540-5, which involves a number of changes in the gdc Russia. Among other things, to remedy and called the lack of legal regulation of membership in the sro, as it is required to SROs in the building to reflect in the register of members information on the issue certificate of admission to work is not at the decision to issue the certificate, but at the time of issuing the certificate. However, this approach only partially addresses the existing problems, since the person does not have contributed to the compensation fund SROs, in this case still become a member and can participate in decision-making self-regulatory organization that can not be considered fair to the members of the SROs in the construction, have paid such a fee.

Film Heating

The heating element is laid in parallel, with an interval of 10-20 cm under the cable is laid a layer of thermal insulation, prevent the loss of heat. Top of all that is poured a layer of cement mortar of thickness 2-5 cm power cable is supplied to the thermostat. Thermostat – the only visible part of the system. Coffee floor heating is by far the dominant. It is much easier to install and more reliable in technical terms.

Surface of the heating system running on electricity, flooring laid is not recommended. Such system, unlike vodotsirkulyatsionnoy quickly heats the floor, which leads to corrosion of the flooring. When laying the flooring over the "warm floor" should take into account the thickness of the hardwood planks. The optimum thickness – 13-15 mm. Parquet 10 mm thick can not be used and the thickness of 20 mm is different too low heat transfer. This can lead to an increase in heat consumption. The use of devices floor heating usually leads to bias and gaps in parquet flooring.

In this case, you must perform a double bonding, as described above. When installing flooring over underfloor heating devices must use a barrier – a polymer film-insulator thickness of 0.2 mm. The film should be laid as close as possible to the parquet floor. When laying the flooring on top of heating system in each room should have its own floor, which ends in the field of doorways. For a couple of days before laying a parquet floor heating system must be disabled. Once the floor is laid, the heating system once again turned on. After turning on the heating system of its power should be increased gradually. Fast increase in temperature in the room with freshly hardwood floors lead to the deterioration (peresushke) parquet and cracking. Sometimes arose; aet need to lay flooring in the room is not exactly suitable conditions. Under floor may be located a cold basement. In such cases, the insulating properties of the flooring can add additional insulation. Introduction to the floor construction of additional layers of thermal insulator (eg, sheet cork or fiberboard) successfully solves this problem. But sometimes faced with a situation where a parquet floor in a screed for one reason or another have been hot water pipe or laid on the previously compiled water heating system design. On the parquet laying on the warm floor, we have discussed above. I would like to remind you that you should carefully select all materials, paying attention to the maximum allowable positive temperature of specifications. Many glues, varnishes and mastics are not designed for values higher than 50 C. Their use at higher temperatures can sometimes cause degradation of properties, degradation of materials with separation, in particular, gases, which in turn may affect the integrity of the sexes. Tree in such conditions, crack, warp, crack. Sometimes there is cracking and rupture of the lacquer coating. Somewhat improve the situation will help arrangements for a more even distribution of heat under the floor. For this example, use a porous insulating material covered with foil, or similar material in combination with foil. Among the most common defects of parquet floors that occur during their operation, are the cracks between riveting and bulging and buckling hardwood floors. The presence of small hair cracks between the elements of the parquet floor, as Typically, during the winter heating season is normal and due to low humidity indoors.